Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system. To distinguish between acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system. To distinguish between acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
But one thing remains unchanged in pancreatitis: the old way of life and nutrition will remain in the past, because the basis of pancreatitis treatment is an almost lifelong diet. The pancreas does not forgive errors in nutrition, responding immediately with pain and indigestion.
Basics of pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an acquired disease, which develops as a result of abdominal trauma, viral injury to the pancreas, due to liver and gallbladder disorders, after intoxication by alcohol and other toxic substances, with frequent and severe nutritional disorders -prolonged fasting, sitting on weight loss diets.
The main signs of pancreatitis are:
- pain in the abdomen - acute, dagger, almost to the point of losing consciousness in acute pancreatitis, or opaque or painful in the chronic version;
- nausea and vomiting;
- fecal disorders, most often severe diarrhea, fever;
- drastic weight loss.
Acute pancreatitis is usually admitted to the hospital. Exacerbations of chronic illnesses can be treated at home, but only under the supervision of a doctor. Self-medication in case of pancreatitis is dangerous with the development of complications up to pancreatic necrosis (enzymatic melting of glandular tissue, self-digestion of the gland) and the development of peritonitis, which is deadly.
Nutritional therapy for pancreatitis
Medicinal, enzymatic and dietary therapy for pancreatitis is selected by the physician, based on the patient's condition and test data. However, the general principles of dietary correction always remain approximately the same. They give digestion and the pancreas a break, which means they reduce pain and normalize well-being.
Nutrition with pancreatitis is severely limited - most of the usual products will have to be overlooked.It is necessary to eat frequently, about 5-6 times a day - every 2, 5-3 hours, with an interval for 8 hours of sleep. But the portions in volume should be small - about 200-250 g, especially the first time after an exacerbation of the disease.
All dishes are processed mechanically - almost all are used in puree form. So, as the inflammation subsides, larger particles appear in the food, but you need to chew the food well.
As the whole body suffers from an insufficient supply of nutrients in pancreatitis, needs to increase the protein component of the diet (meat, fish, dairy) - on average, up to 140-150 g of protein per day.
But fats and carbohydrates, which overload the pancreas, are limited to the minimum possible. About 300 g of carbohydrates per day, fat - no more than 70-80 g are provided.
Products that have a sokogonny effect - meat and fish broths, cabbage juice and broth - are removed from the diet; during a severe painful attack, therapeutic fasting is recommended for a period of 1-2 days under the supervision of a doctor.
In case of pancreatitis, it is necessary to drink more fluids -it is recommended to drink up to 2 liters of pure water per day, approximately every half hour to take 2-3 sips of water throughout the day.
Of course, with pancreatitis, you should stop smoking and drinking alcohol completely. They are the most powerful seizure triggers.
What to exclude?
The list of banned foods will become quite impressive and can be daunting at first. However, without observing these restrictions, relief can be expected for a long time. Gradually, you can gently expand your diet, adhering to the general principles of proper nutrition.
Therefore, for the entire acute period or moment of exacerbation of the chronic process, it is necessary to exclude:
- beetroot soup, cabbage and borscht soup, okroshka, meat-based soups, mushroom and fish broths, own broths;
- fatty meats - pork, lamb, goose and duck;
- offal - kidneys, heart, brain, liver;
- fried, smoked, salty and spicy dishes;
- canned foods;
- sausages;
- fatty fish (catfish, star sturgeon, carp); caviar;
- lard, margarine, mayonnaise;
- fatty dairy dishes - cream, sour cream, koumiss;
- yolks, boiled eggs;
- accompaniment of maize, barley, maize, beans;
- cabbage, turnips, radishes, radishes, rutabagas, eggplants, onions and garlic, sorrel, cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers;
- citrus, apples (acidic varieties), grapes, pomegranates, cranberries;
- chocolate, preserves;
- Spicy fries, sauces, marinades, vinegar, ketchup;
- all carbonated drinks, even mineral water (can only be made without gas);
- strong tea and coffee, juices, cocoa;
- all fresh baked goods and sweets, pancakes, pies, shortbread cookies.
As you can see, the list of restrictions is very long, but it is only for the duration of the acute process. Then, gradually, you can gradually expand the diet, but the boring and "heavy" dishes will have to be forgotten almost forever.
What can you eat?
This is the first question that comes up after reading the banned list. Obviously, the diet is not very diverse, but it aims to keep the pancreas calm and relieve inflammation.
Allowed:
- yesterday's dry bread, croutons;
- vegetables, noodle soups;
- steamed meat and poultry dishes - cutlets, meatballs, rolls, pates, meat puree;
- cooked fish fillet (skimmed), roasted fish, omelets;
- milk, cottage cheese, skimmed and light cheese, kefir;
- vegetable and butter oils (in porridge);
- vegetable purees and stews, cooked vegetables;
- pasta, macaroni, cereal - oats, semolina, buckwheat, rice;
- fruit cooked without sugar (pears, apples, peaches, plums);
- jam, jam, jam;
- rosehip decoctions, herbal teas, bran drink.
Of course, the diet is limited, but in consultation with your doctor, you will gradually expand your menu.
Sample menu
It is worth remembering that this menu can be used at home, when exacerbation subsides, fasting and the gradual introduction of food are prescribed in the acute phase of pancreatitis. When making a diet, remember: there should be at least five meals, which are approximately equal in caloric content and digestion.
Menu for pancreatitis for 5 days
Day One
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still)!
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelet - 100 g, dry white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, zucchini puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, rosehip broth - 200 ml, a third of banana.
- Afternoon snack: fruit jelly - 100 g, non-fat curd -100 g, non-carbonated mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oats -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatball - 2 units. , weak tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
Day Two
- Breakfast: buckwheat porridge -200 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of tea with milk.
- Second breakfast: steamed meat cutlet - 100 g, carrot souffle - 200 g, dry white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of dried fruit compote.
- Lunch: noodle soup - 200 ml, boiled chicken - 100 g, vegetable puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, mineral water - 200 ml, half cooked pear.
- Afternoon snack: apple puree - 200 g, still mineral water - 200 ml, Maria biscuits - 100 g.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes -200 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, a sandwich with cheese (30 g of cheese, a piece of toasted bread), weak tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
Day Three
- Breakfast: pumpkin and pumpkin puree - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still! ).
- Second breakfast: low fat cottage cheese - 100 g, half baked pear, dry white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of jam.
- Lunch: broccoli soup - 200 ml, cooked meat, ground in mashed potatoes - 100 g, mashed potatoes - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, chamomile tea - 200 ml.
- Afternoon snack: vegetable stew - 200 g, cheese - 50 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge -200 g, kefir - 200 g, half a banana, a slice of white bread.
Day Four
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still)!
- Second breakfast: rice porridge - 200 g, dry white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, mashed carrots - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, rosehip broth - 200 ml, a third of banana.
- Afternoon snack: omelet - 100 g, roasted sweet apple, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oats -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatball - 2 units. , weak tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
Day Five
- Breakfast: oats -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatball - 2 units. , weak tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelet - 100 g, dry white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: noodle soup - 200 ml, steamed fish cutlet - 100 g, pumpkin puree with carrot - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, rosehip broth - 200 ml, Maria biscuits - 2 pcs.
- Afternoon snack: roasted fruits - 100 g, non-fat curd -100 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still! ).
By following your doctor's advice, strict adherence to your diet and adherence to all prescriptions, relief can be achieved quickly. But a very strict diet with a restriction of "heavy" foods lasts 3 to 6 months. And then you will need to constantly limit fatty, fried, seasoned and canned foods.